Embedded protocols are communication protocols specifically designed for use in embedded systems, which are dedicated systems that perform specific functions within larger systems. Here’s a list of common embedded protocols and their primary uses:
1. I²C (Inter-Integrated Circuit)
- Purpose: Used for communication between low-speed peripherals and microcontrollers.
- Features: Supports multiple master and slave devices on the same bus, uses two wires (SDA and SCL).
- Applications: Sensor interfacing, EEPROM, real-time clocks, and other peripheral devices.
2. SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface)
- Purpose: Facilitates communication between a master device and one or more slave devices.
- Features: High-speed, full-duplex communication using four lines (MISO, MOSI, SCLK, CS).
- Applications: Flash memory, sensors, display controllers, and other high-speed peripherals.
3. UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter)
- Purpose: Enables asynchronous serial communication between devices.
- Features: Uses two lines (TX and RX) for data transmission and reception.
- Applications: Debugging, communication with serial devices like GPS modules, and Bluetooth modules.
4. CAN (Controller Area Network)
- Purpose: Designed for robust communication in automotive and industrial environments.
- Features: High reliability, supports multi-master systems, and operates over a twisted-pair cable.
- Applications: Automotive electronics, industrial automation, and medical equipment.
5. LIN (Local Interconnect Network)
- Purpose: Used for cost-effective communication in automotive networks.
- Features: Single-wire communication, lower speed than CAN, used for non-critical functions.
- Applications: Car body electronics like window controls, seat adjustment, and interior lighting.
6. Ethernet
- Purpose: Provides high-speed wired communication in embedded systems.
- Features: Supports standard networking protocols (TCP/IP) and high data rates.
- Applications: Industrial automation, networked embedded devices, and IoT systems.
7. USB (Universal Serial Bus)
- Purpose: Facilitates communication between embedded devices and computers or other peripherals.
- Features: Plug-and-play capability, supports power delivery.
- Applications: Peripheral devices like keyboards, mice, storage devices, and USB sensors.
8. Bluetooth
- Purpose: Enables wireless communication over short distances.
- Features: Low power, supports both audio and data transmission.
- Applications: Wearable devices, wireless sensors, and IoT devices.
9. Wi-Fi
- Purpose: Provides wireless communication and internet connectivity for embedded systems.
- Features: High data rates, supports standard networking protocols.
- Applications: Smart home devices, IoT systems, and connected appliances.
10. Zigbee
- Purpose: Designed for low-power, low-data-rate wireless communication.
- Features: Supports mesh networking, operates on low power.
- Applications: Home automation, industrial monitoring, and energy management systems.
11. LoRa
- Purpose: Long-range, low-power wireless communication for IoT devices.
- Features: Operates over long distances, low data rates, and low power consumption.
- Applications: Smart cities, agriculture, and environmental monitoring.
12. Modbus
- Purpose: Communication protocol for industrial automation systems.
- Features: Simple, robust, supports multiple types of communication media (serial, TCP/IP).
- Applications: Industrial control systems, SCADA, and factory automation.
13. RS-232
- Purpose: Standard for serial communication.
- Features: Simple, point-to-point communication, used over short distances.
- Applications: Legacy systems, industrial equipment, and embedded debugging.
14. RS-485
- Purpose: Allows multiple devices to communicate over a single differential pair of wires.
- Features: Supports long-distance and high-speed communication.
- Applications: Industrial automation, building automation, and data acquisition systems.